FAQs

Public Administrator

What expenses are paid by the estate?

Fees such as insuring real property, paying utilities and homeowner association fees, towing services, fees for formal appraisals, stockbrokers, heirship firms, labor and hauling fees, storage fees, etc.

What role does the attorney play?

The primary responsibility of the attorney is to represent the representative in Court (open/close the estate, handle claims and Will contests, and all Court proceedings) and advise the Representative how to fulfill his duties without incurring liability for errors or failure to take certain required actions timely.  County Counsel is the attorney for the Public Administrator and acts on its behalf for all Court appearances and other legal matters.

Attorney fees are based on the statutory schedule as previously discussed, or a reasonable standard (time spent, risks and responsibilities, results achieved).  The fees customarily charged are comparable to those of a private attorney for estates of similar size and complexity.

Are other professionals involved?

Where economical and practical to do so, some record keeping and tax work will be performed by accountants on a fee basis.  Stockbrokers and real estate brokers may be employed, charging a percentage of the value of the assets sold.  Stockbrokers are retained to transfer securities for a small per item charge.

What role does the beneficiary play when the Public Administrator handles the estate?

The beneficiary is kept advised via legal notices of the location, date and purpose of hearings.  You may receive notices regarding sale of real property, heirship petitions and other pertinent legal matters.  It is not necessary to attend these hearings, simply an option.

What role does the Deputy Public Administrator play?

A Deputy Public Administrator may contact you to clarify disposition of memorabilia (old photos, keepsakes), degree of kindred to the Decedent, and the like.  Our goal is to advance the case to the earliest distribution and closure within time constraints permitted by the Court.  No routine status reports are issued except to the Court.  If you have specific questions, please address them in writing to the case manager.  At final accounting, each beneficiary who will "take" from the estate will receive a copy of accounting (the same filed with the court) which lists all income received and disbursements made during administration of the estate assets. 

As a beneficiary, may I request a particular item of personal property?

If the item of personal property has been valued by the probate referee, the estate is solvent, and all entitled beneficiaries have agreed in writing, a beneficiary may be distributed an item in kind. This means that if the beneficiary is also entitled to a cash distribution they will receive their statutory share minus the value of the item of personal property. If there is no agreement, the item will be placed for sale and any beneficiary will have the opportunity to purchase it at public auction.

How much control does a beneficiary or family member have over the Public Administrator's estate administration?

When the Public Administrator has been nominated by a Decedent's family, our goal is to work in the best interest of the estate. As mentioned above, our overall objective is to (1) collect a Decedent's assets (including partially owned assets), (2) determine and pay the debts, expenses, and taxes, and (3) distribute the balance of the assets to the persons (sometimes trusts) entitled to them.  With this in mind, the Public Administrator does not take direction from beneficiaries regarding how to liquidate assets, which vendors to use, or which legal direction to take. We work in a manner that is most expedient to bring an estate to closure. This means we cannot accommodate requests or the preferences of multiple parties. However, beneficiaries may keep in close contact with the Deputy Public Administrator regarding the status of the administration, final accounting and distribution.

When will the estate be distributed?

It is difficult to give a specific answer as to exactly when distribution will take place since so many factors are out of the control of the Public Administrator. The length of time for case investigation, administration of estate (sale of personal and real property), determination of heirship, final accounting and distribution of assets is from 12 months (an all cash estate) to 18-24 months for the average case (some cash, bank accounts, and stock, real property). Since Court approval is mandatory for particular actions, some time periods are simply "wait time" to be heard in Court.  We, as any private attorney, must request and then be assigned a calendar date. We have finished our work when there are no longer any assets in the name of the decedent or the estate and any court administered estate has been closed. For your won peace of mind, do not plan your financial affairs upon the expectation that you will be receiving a certain amount on a certain date.

While the estate is in administration, is the money in the estate earning interest?

Yes, the Public Administrator maintains all funds in insured interest-bearing accounts except when they are needed to pay claims and other expenses.

Can I put in a claim for my expenses?

If you actually paid any debts of the Decedent or incurred charges directly connected with the Decedent's death or paid any part of the funeral expenses, you must file a Creditor's Claim within four (4) months after the initial appointment of the Administrator.  Creditor Claim forms may be obtained from the Superior Court of California (Civil Division) or you may contact the Deputy Public Administrator to obtain one.

Why don't I receive regular reports on the progress of the estate?

When the Public Administrator has been nominated by a Decedent's family, our goal is to work in the best interest of the estate. With this in mind, it is our obligation to devote our efforts to the actual administration of the estate but will attempt to accommodate specific requests for information from beneficiaries within reason.

Do I need to hire an attorney to represent my interests?

Anyone with a legal interest in an estate may retain legal counsel. County Counsel represents the Public Administrator in the administration of the estate. If, however, your right to inherit is not clear, or substantial claims affecting the whole inheritance have been filed, you may choose to retain legal counsel to represent your special interests.The fees for such attorney representation are a matter for private agreement between you and your attorney and they are not charged against the estate.

How is estate property sold?

All sales are governed by the California Probate Code. All probate assets are appraised by a Court appointed appraiser. The law imposes certain restrictions on the sale of assets for less than their appraised value. All personal property is sold at auction by open bid to the highest bidder.  Securities are sold without notice. All real property is sold only after notice of sale and confirmation by the Court. After confirmation, a 60-day escrow is opened. The buyer must close in 60 days.

If I inherit from an estate, must I pay estate taxes?

It is suggested you consult with your tax professional if you have specific questions regarding your tax liability.

Stages of Administration

Initial Stage:

Deputy Public Administrator investigates to determine the type and size of the estate and will protect assets from waste, loss or misappropriation, if necessary.  She will contact and locate family to determine if they wish to act as administrator of the estate.  If the family declines to act as administrator of the Decedent's estate, she will obtain forms Declination to Act and Nomination of Administrator, nominating the Public Administrator to act.  With the assistance of County Counsel, the Public Administrator will then prepare the Petition for Appointment and the Court will set the matter for hearing.

Second Stage:

After Letters of Administration are issued, we proceed with the business of the estate (performing an inventory and obtaining an appraisal of all assets the Decedent held as of the date of death and filing said documents with the Court; close personal bank accounts; apply for death benefits, if any; sell personal and real property; determine heirship).

Final Stage:

In the final state of administration, the Public Administrator approves and pays or denies creditor claims, makes a final review of and pays all tax liability and prepares a final accounting of estate assets with the Court.  The Court sets a date for a final hearing.  If you are an heir of the estate, you will receive a copy of the Final Accounting and Notice of Hearing setting a final hearing date.  At the hearing and after Court approval of the accounting, an Order is signed and filed by the Court permitting payment of claims, payment of the Public Administrator and County Counsel's fees, and distribution of the remainder to the entitled beneficiaries of the estate.  Distribution is thereafter made by the Public Administrator to the beneficiaries.

Public Defender

How Can I get an attorney?

If you are charged with a felony or misdemeanor and are unable to afford an attorney, the Public Defender’s Office may be appointed to represent you.  It is important that you discuss your case with your attorney during all stages of the case to ensure the best possible level of representation.

How do I get a Public Defender appointed to my case?

If you are out of custody the court will make the determination if you qualify for the services of a Public Defender after you have completed a financial form, under penalty of perjury. In general, if you are in custody the court will automatically appoint a Public Defender unless you have already retained the services of a private attorney.  If you obtained private counsel but are unable to afford continued services, notify the court and request that a Public Defender be appointed.

Can I drop by the Public Defender’s Office for legal advice if the court has not appointed me?

No. Our office welcomes the public.  However, the Public Defender is only allowed to represent clients when appointed by the court.  If you need general information our office may be able to assist.

Do clients have to pay for the services of the Public Defender?

Clients who are appointed a Public Defender are required to pay a $25 fee to the Court.  To the extent they are financially able, they are required to reimburse the County for the cost of these services at the conclusion of their case. The Public Defender will provide the court with the costs incurred and the court makes the determination of the client’s financial responsibility.

Search Tips and Tricks

Do the search results include the contents of PDFs and other documents?

Yes.  The website indexes web pages as well as PDFs, Microsoft Office documents, and text documents.

If I search for a phrase (e.g. alarm permit), will the results only show exact matches?

No.  By default, the search results will show matches for any word within the phrase.  In this example, you would receive results for all web pages and documents that contained either the word alarm or the word permit or both.

In order to search on an exact phrase, enclose your search phrase in quotations.  The search results for "alarm permit" will show matches for that exact phrase.

Can I exclude a word from a search (e.g. all pages that have the word "alarm" but not the word "permit"?

Yes.   You can exclude words by using the minus sign (-).   In order to find the results of all pages that have alarm in the result but not permit, you would search for alarm -permit.

Tax Collection

What are secured property taxes?

Taxes on which the property taxes are a lien against real property.

When are current year secured property taxes due?

The Total Amount Due is payable in two installments:

  1. The 1st installment is due on November 1, and is delinquent at 5:00 p.m. December 10, after which a 10% penalty attaches.
  2. The 2nd installment is due on February 1, of the following year and is delinquent at 5:00 p.m. April 10, after which a 10% penalty and $20 cost attach.
  3. To pay both installments at the same time, remit the total amount due with both installment payment stubs by December 10.
  4. If December 10 or April 10 falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday, no penalty is charged if payment is made by 5:00 p.m. on the next business day.
I did not receive the tax bill. How do I get another bill?

You can order a duplicate tax bill by calling 530-842-8340 or 1-888-854-2000 option 8 and 8340

The lender no longer pays the taxes. How do I get a payment stub?

Although you do not need a payment stub to pay your taxes, you can order a duplicate tax bill by calling 530-842-8340 or by visiting our office.

How can I change my address?

You can request a change of mailing address by writing or visiting the Assessor’s Office at 311 Fourth St, Room 108, Yreka, CA  96097

How can I get property tax assistance for seniors, blind or disabled persons?

The 2009/2010 state budget suspended funding for the Gonsalves-Deukmejian-Petris Senior Citizens Property Tax Assistance Law, which provides direct cash assistance. The Franchise Tax Board (FTB) will not be issuing Homeowner and Renter Assistance (HRA) Program instruction booklets and will not accept HRA claims for the 2009 claim year. For the most current information on the HRA program, go to http://ftb.ca.gov and search for HRA

How can I get property tax postponements for seniors, blind or disabled persons?

On February 20, 2009, the Governor signed Chapter 4, Statues of 2009, which immediately suspends the Senior Citizens Property Tax Deferral Program. This legislation prohibits the filing of claims for property tax postponement and prohibits the Controller from accepting claims filed after February 20, 2009. Because of the program suspension, the Controller will no longer accept claims for property tax postponement pending modification or repeal of this new law. However, the Controller's Office will continue processing claims postmarked prior to February 20, 2009. For the most current information on the PTP program please visit our website at http://sco.ca.gov.

What if I disagree with the assessed value as shown on my tax bill?

If you disagree with a change in the assessed value as shown on the tax bill, you have the right to an informal assessment review by contacting the Assessor’s Office at 530-842-8036 or toll free at 1-888-854-2000-8-8036. If you disagree with the result of the informal review, you have the right to file an application for reduction in assessment for the following year with the Siskiyou County Assessment Appeals Board during the period from July 2 to November 30 inclusive. The Assessment Appeals Board is located at the County Clerk's Office, 311 Fourth Street, Room 201, Yreka, California 96097.

Application for review and equalization of an assessment made outside of the regular assessment period must be filed with the Clerk of the Assessment Appeals Board no later than 60 days after the receipt of the "Notice of Escape Assessment" or the tax bill for the assessment. Receipt by the assessee of a tax bill based on an assessment made outside of the regular assessment period constitutes a notification of such assessment. (Section 1605 RTC)

What is an unsecured property supplemental tax bill?

An unsecured supplemental assessment is an adjustment in real property valuation resulting from upward changes in assessed value due to changes in ownership or completion of new construction where the assessment is not a lien on real property. An unsecured property supplemental tax bill retroactively taxes the supplemental assessment of property on a pro-rata basis because of the Assessor's reappraisal of property at its full cash value on the date that a change in ownership occurs or new construction is completed.

What are special assessments?

Special assessments are direct charges against property which are included in the total amount of your tax bill, but which are not property taxes in the sense of being based on the Assessor's valuation.  A sewer service charge is an example of this assessment.

Tree Mortality

What is tree mortality?

Tree mortality means trees have died. Trees dying are a normal occurrence in natural ecosystems. The difference now is that the extended drought has caused an abnormally high number—in the millions—of trees in California’s forests and wildland-urban interface areas to weaken and/or die. Weakened trees are more susceptible to attacks from bark beetles. Once a tree is successfully invaded by bark beetles, there is no recovery for the tree; it will die.

What trees in California are dying in the greatest numbers from drought and bark beetle?

Ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, and pinyon pines are most impacted by bark beetles, but many trees have died just from lack of water in the recent drought. Most other pine species, white fir and incense-cedar are also heavily impacted by the prolonged drought and by bark beetles. There is also an increase in tree mortality among oaks, although it is primarily attributed to drought, not bark beetles.

What are bark beetles

Bark beetles are small insects, generally black, hard-shelled and approximately 5 millimeters in length—about the size of a piece of cooked rice. Bark beetles tunnel under bark, cutting off the tree’s supply of food and water needed to survive. Bark beetles can kill a tree in as little as two to four weeks during warmer months.

How do I identify bark beetles?

In bark: Look for reddish-brown pitch tubes. These ½-¾ inch blobs of sap on the outside of a tree trunk are a sign that bark beetles successfully attacked the tree. Leaves/needles: Needles on dying conifer trees and pines begin to turn a reddish-brown and often start changing color at the top of the tree. The color change gradually moves down the tree. Other trees may slowly fade from green to brown.

Outside of tree: Flaking bark, or holes in the bark caused by woodpeckers, are good indicators that bark beetles or other insects are present.

What is the role of bark beetles?

Under normal conditions, bark beetles renew the forest by killing older trees and those weakened by disease, drought, smog or physical damage. When trees are weakened due to lack of water from prolonged drought, they are more susceptible to bark beetle attacks. Increasingly successful attacks cause the bark beetle population to explode.

How do bark beetles attack?

Bark beetles attack stressed trees by boring holes into the bark. A normal, healthy tree would be able to fend off attack by exuding pitch into the holes pushing the beetle out. But drought- stressed trees have a difficult time producing enough pitch to fight off insects. Compounding the problem, beetles release pheromones that attract other beetles. This mass influx of beetles can quickly overwhelm a tree. Bark beetles are also attracted to freshly cut wood.

How do bark beetles multiply?

Beetles bore through tree bark and lay their eggs. Larvae feed on the tree’s living tissues, cutting off its natural process for transporting nutrients and water. One bark beetle infestation can create several thousand beetles and easily spread to neighboring trees.

If there are dead trees on my residential property, what should I do?

Dead trees need to be removed. They are a fire hazard because they are fuel for wildfire to burn. Standing dead trees will rot, becoming unstable, and will eventually fall. Dead trees can fall on people, homes, buildings and infrastructure, such as power lines. The sooner a tree is removed the better. The more it rots, the more unstable it becomes. For larger trees located near houses and other infrastructure, foresters and arborists prefer to remove them in pieces. However, if the tree is too rotten, it is unsafe to climb and difficult to predict where it will fall.

Will the Governor’s Executive Order (October 2015) regarding tree mortality provide assistance to homeowners and private land owners?

California’s Tree Mortality Task Force will be looking at resources and funding to help landowners, especially those located near evacuation routes, power lines, public roads and infrastructure. Currently, CAL OES is reviewing potential use of the California Disaster Assistance Act for Tree Mortality to local jurisdictions (counties, cities, and special districts) to help with the identification, removal, and storing of dead trees. Local jurisdictions must apply and show risk to public infrastructures.

What do I do with my dead trees now that I’ve cut them down?

You can either leave the dead trees on your property or you can have them removed. If you are leaving the trees on your property they need to be properly handled. If you plan on using the wood for firewood, cut to the appropriate size and store. Wood from bark beetle-infested trees can be covered with plastic, following a specific technique to kill the beetles, and left covered for several months. See Tree Note 3 for more information. If wood is not going to be used, lop—or chip and scatter—the wood. The smaller the pieces the better. Chipping will kill bark beetles and the smaller pieces are less of a fire hazard.

Can dead trees be burned?

Yes, on permitted burn days. Check with your local fire station, CAL FIRE office, or air quality district for details on burn days and proper burning requirements.

Are there restrictions on the usage of wood from diseased trees?

 If you plan to use a diseased tree for firewood, follow proper storage techniques and make sure the wood is burned locally. Do not transport firewood to another location as it may introduce detrimental insects and disease into a new area.

Do I need to hire a licensed tree service or can I cut down dead trees on my property?

 It is highly recommended that you hire a professional to cut down your trees, as tree removal can be dangerous. Falling trees can also be hazardous to people, nearby buildings, cars, other trees and infrastructures. It is also a good idea to make sure you, or your contractor, have adequate liability and damage insurance coverage.

What environmental requirements are there for removing dead trees on my property?

An emergency regulation by the California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection in 2015 allows for an exemption to cut dead and dying trees of any size without the normal regulatory requirements such as a timber harvest plan, submission requirements, and completion and stocking report requirements. For more information visit: http://www.ReadyForWildfire.org/Dead_Tree_Removal

Is there a limit to the number of dead trees that can be removed from a property?

 No. If the dead trees are in areas surrounding a home, buildings or infrastructure, these trees should be removed first. If the trees are in a forest, some dead trees may be left as snags for wildlife habitat. Dead trees located near fuel breaks, and within 100 feet of all structures, need to be removed.

Can I use the timber I cut on my property?

If you plan to utilize the wood for yourself, such as for firewood, you do not need to file a timber harvest plan with CAL FIRE. However, if you plan to sell logs or chips that result from tree removal, or use their value to offset the cost of removal, you are required to file a timber harvest document with CAL FIRE.

How do I prevent bark beetles in the future?

The best way to prevent bark beetles is by following best forest health practices. In order to do this, you need to plan for extreme weather years. Ensure that trees are widely spaced, and that the number of trees growing on your land is appropriate for the acreage in order to reduce competition for limited water, light and soil nutrients. There are some professional chemical treatments that may help trees fight off bark beetles, but they have not always been proven to work.

How does California’s bark beetle problem compare with that of the rest of the nation?

 Bark beetles have destroyed 45 million acres of forest in the western United States in recent years, including 15 million acres of Forest Service land. Studies have shown that trees are dying faster than ever in old-growth forests of California and the mountains of the West. In addition to the drought and bark beetle infestations, some scientists have linked tree mortality to rising temperatures, earlier than normal snowmelt, and forest fires.

What are the long-term consequences of shrinking forests?

As forests shrink, less carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere and stored in the living tissues of the trees in the forest. This means more greenhouse gases will be released from dead trees and enter the atmosphere, and fewer trees will remain to absorb carbon dioxide.

How can I reduce the risk of wildfire on my property?
  • Remove dead trees, especially around your home.
  • Create 100 feet of “defensible space,” the natural and landscaped area around a structure that has been maintained and designed to reduce fire danger.
  • Maintain trees by thinning overgrown trees and watering as necessary.
  • Plant a diversity of tree species, including drought tolerant species of trees native to the area.

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